Surface Areas & Volumes

Class 9 Maths • Chapter 11 • Comprehensive Guide

1. Right Circular Cone

A cone is a 3D shape generated by rotating a right-angled triangle around one of its perpendicular sides. Think of an ice-cream cone or a birthday hat!

h r l

Net of a Cone

Area = πrl πr²

1B. Right Circular Cylinder

A cylinder has two circular bases and one curved surface. Example: water tank, drum, pipe.

Cylinder Calculator

CSA (2πrh): -
TSA (2πr(r+h)): -
Volume (πr²h): -

Cone Command Center

Input Radius (r) and Height (h) to find everything!

Slant Height (l = √r²+h²): -
CSA (πrl): -
TSA (πr(l+r)): -
Volume (1/3 πr²h): -

2. Sphere & Hemisphere

A sphere is the set of all points in 3D space equidistant from a center point.

Sphere Area = \(4\pi r^2\)

Curved Surface Area: -
Total Surface Area: -
Volume: -

3. Formula Vault

Shape CSA / LSA Total Surface Area Volume
Cone \( \pi r l \) \( \pi r (l + r) \) \( \frac{1}{3} \pi r^2 h \)
Sphere \( 4 \pi r^2 \) \( 4 \pi r^2 \) \( \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3 \)
Hemisphere \( 2 \pi r^2 \) \( 3 \pi r^2 \) \( \frac{2}{3} \pi r^3 \)

4A. Cuboid & Cube (Very Important)

Solid TSA Volume
Cuboid \(2(lb + bh + hl)\) \(l \times b \times h\)
Cube \(6a^2\) \(a^3\)
💡 CBSE frequently asks capacity of cuboidal tanks in litres.

4. Real World: Capacity

Volume represents the space occupied, while Capacity is the amount of liquid a container can hold.

Conversion Factors:
1000 cm³ = 1 Liter
1 m³ = 1000 Liters

Tank Estimator

Convert Volume (cm³) to Liters

Sphere vs Hemisphere (Comparison)

Property Sphere Hemisphere
CSA \(4\pi r^2\) \(2\pi r^2\)
TSA \(4\pi r^2\) \(3\pi r^2\)
Volume \( \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3 \) \( \frac{2}{3}\pi r^3 \)

Case-Based Question

A water tank is in the shape of a cylinder surmounted by a hemisphere. Radius = 7 m, height of cylindrical part = 10 m.

View Questions
  • Find volume of cylindrical part
  • Find volume of hemispherical part
  • Find total capacity in litres

Assertion–Reason

Assertion (A): Volume of a cone is one-third the volume of a cylinder.

Reason (R): Both have same base radius and height.

✔ Both A and R are true and R explains A

Common Mistakes to Avoid ❌

One-Page Revision Sheet

Concept Mastery Quiz

1. The slant height 'l' of a cone is given by:


2. The Total Surface Area of a Hemisphere is:


3. If radius of a sphere is doubled, surface area becomes:


4. Volume of a cone is ______ the volume of a cylinder with same r and h.


5. How many liters in 1 m³?