Master Utility Bills for CBSE Class 11 Applied Mathematics. Learn to calculate Electricity, Water, and PNG bills with step-by-step formulas and examples.
Electricity bills are calculated based on the consumption of energy measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh), commonly known as units. The total cost includes fixed charges, energy charges based on a slab system, and additional taxes like GST or electricity duty. The slab system implies that different rates apply to different ranges of consumption.
Step 1: Consumption is 250 units. Slab 1 (0-100) at ₹3/unit, Slab 2 (101-250) at ₹5/unit.
Step 2: Cost = (100 × 3) + (150 × 5) = 300 + 750 = 1050.
Step 3: Add fixed charge of ₹50 and 5% tax. Total = (1050 + 50) × 1.05 = 1155.
Answer: ₹1155
Water bills are often determined by the volume of water consumed, measured in kiloliters (kL). Similar to electricity, water utilities often use a tiered pricing structure where the cost per unit increases as consumption rises to encourage conservation. Fixed meter charges are added regardless of consumption.
Step 1: Consumption = 30 kL. Rate = ₹10/kL. Fixed charge = ₹100.
Step 2: Variable cost = 30 × 10 = 300.
Step 3: Total = 100 + 300 = 400.
Answer: ₹400
Piped Natural Gas (PNG) bills are calculated based on the consumption in Standard Cubic Meters (SCM). The bill typically consists of a fixed monthly charge and a variable charge based on the SCM consumed, plus applicable government levies like VAT or GST.
Step 1: Consumption = 20 SCM. Rate = ₹40/SCM. Fixed charge = ₹200.
Step 2: Variable cost = 20 × 40 = 800.
Step 3: Total = 200 + 800 = 1000.
Answer: ₹1000